The legume podborer, Maruca vitrata is a major pan-tropical pest of legume crops and particularly of cowpea in West Africa. The specific objectives of this project were to complete optimisation of pheromone traps and lures begun under a previous project; also to integrate their use with other novel IPM technologies to provide improved methods for control by small-holder cowpea farmers in West Africa. The project also aimed to provide a better understanding of the population dynamics, ecology and behaviour of M. vitrata, based on long-term monitoring with pheromone traps