Impact of roads on security and service delivery

Abstract

This review looks at the evidence in the literature of the relationship between roads and their security impact and effects on service delivery (such as access to health and education services). Particular attention is given to evidence from fragile and/or sparsely populated and ill-served rural areas. No direct evidence relating to the security impact of road infrastructure was found in the literature. Theoretical linkages of infrastructure development, including transport infrastructure are discussed in several studies. There are various direct and indirect channels through which transport infrastructure may affect security and peace building, including as an engine of economic recovery and improved service provision, as part of a process of strengthening institutions, and in stabilisation and peace-building. The literature on poverty and isolation defines three channels through which road access contributes to reduce poverty: access to inputs and output markets, access to education and health services and access to labour opportunities. An annotated bibliography presenting relevant literature is provided. It distinguishes literature which presents evidence on security impact or service delivery impact. Studies not directly relevant but addressing other important themes in the literature i.e. the impact of infrastructure on gender and the effect of rural road access on poverty are also presented