World TB Day 2009 (25th March) was marked by the release of dramatic new data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicating that rates of TB-HIV co-infection are twice as high as originally estimated. In Sub-Saharan Africa, HIV has caused TB incidence to triple since the 1990s and in some countries 80% of TB patients are co-infected with HIV. A lack of integrated TB and HIV services is one of the biggest problems in controlling these two epidemics. Only 1% of people living with HIV in 2008 had been screened for TB. This presentation by DFID-funded Research Programme Consortium (RPC) partners aims to highlight some of the issues surrounding TB/HIV co-infection, and report back from key experiences in the field