Ensemble species distribution modelling with transformed suitability values

Abstract

Species distribution modelling (SDM) was integrated in version 2.0 of the BiodiversityR package released in 2012. Ensemble habitat suitability is calculated as the weighted average of suitabilities predicted by different algorithms. Advanced options for SDM in the current version (2.8–4) of the package include tuning the best combination of the number and weights of models contributing to the ensemble suitability and calculating the absence-presence threshold as the average or minimum of recommended threshold values. Algorithm-specific suitability values can be transformed via generalized linear models with probit link so that they become more similar in range. Other options include reducing spatial sorting bias by selecting background locations in circular neighbourhoods and generating suitability maps that show the number of contributing models that predict species presence. The approaches are illustrated for two species with open-access point location data sets, Bradypus variegatus and Thryothorus ludovicianus