Estrategias asistidas por genómica para el mejoramiento de arroz

Abstract

The presentation highlights the role of genomics in advancing rice breeding programs. Key genomic tools and methodologies are discussed to enhance genetic diversity, selection accuracy, and breeding efficiency.
The importance of characterizing genetic diversity within rice breeding programs is exemplified by studies such as genome-wide characterizations and the establishment of elite core panels to accelerate improvement rates. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) focuses on introgressing beneficial genes while recovering the genetic background efficiently. The process progresses through generations (e.g., BC1F1 to BC3F5), showcasing the superiority of MAS over traditional phenotypic selection. Advanced genotyping platforms like 1k-RiCA enable precise SNP-based analyses in genomic selection. This approach emphasizes optimizing training sets and leveraging predictive models to enhance genetic gain, as supported by recent achievements in rice breeding programs.
Genomic tools are integral at every stage of the rice improvement process, reinforcing the need for robust foundational breeding programs.