Wading past assumptions: Gender dimensions of climate change adaptation in coastal communities of the Philippines

Abstract

Climate change is expected to have a broad range of impacts on social and ecological systems. Common
discourse asserts that women in developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than men,
and perpetuates assumptions about the role of women in climate change adaptation (CCA). This study
examines the gender dimensions of CCA in fishing villages of the Philippines, a country with
exceptionally high marine biodiversity supporting dense coastal populations that are highly vulnerable to
climate change. The study seeks to 1) Describe gender mainstreaming in Philippine CCA documents 2)
Identify and challenge assumptions about women and climate change, 3) Examine men’s and women’s
beliefs, values, perceptions of risks, resource dependency, and awareness associated with climate change
and 4) Evaluate the implications of gendered relationships with fisheries and the environment on CCA.
Quantitative social surveys were administered randomly to marine resource users in 30 coastal villages
within three Philippine provinces (Palawan, Occidental Mindoro, and Batangas). Dependent variables
associated with CCA were analyzed relative to gender. In this case, women were less connected to nature,
more risk tolerant, and equally inclined to conservation attitudes as men. Women were also equally aware
of climate change and more aware of CCA plans, but less likely to participate in outreach activities. The
results offer insights that dispel certain generalizations about women and climate change, and present
opportunities for improved gender mainstreaming in climate change adaptation.